To investigate the structural brain abnormalities and their diagnostic accuracy through qualitative and quantitative analysis in term born and very preterm birth or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) adults.
…Gyrification is a hallmark of human brain development, starting in the second half of gestation in primary cortices, followed by unimodal and then transmodal associative cortices. Alterations in gyrification have been noted in premature-born newborns and children, suggesting abnormal cortical folding to be a permanent feature of prematurity……
…Adults who had experienced infant regulatory problems (RPs) have more avoidant personality traits that are mediated by the default mode network (DMN). Persistent and/or multiple infant RPs and the DMN may be targets to attenuate behavioral and emotional problems.
…Objective -To investigate whether level of prematurity (very, moderate, late preterm, vs full term) is associated with physical activity from childhood to adolescence and to identify factors in childhood that predict moderate-vigorous physical activity in early adolescence.
…Very preterm (<32 weeks gestation; VP) and/or very low birth weight (<1500g; VLBW) children often have cognitive and mathematic difficulties. It is unknown whether VP/VLBW children’s frequent mathematic problems significantly add to the burden of negative life-course consequences over and above effects of more general cognitive deficits. Our aim was to determine whether negative consequences of VP/VLBW versus healthy term birth on adult wealth are mediated by mathematic abilities in childhood, or rather explained by more general cognitive abilities.
…Context: Maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) and pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥25kg/m2) may adversely affect offspring cardio-metabolic health.
Objective: To assess associations of maternal GDM and pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity with adult offspring cardio-metabolic risk factors.
…The majority of adolescents with mental health problems do not experience continuity of care when they reach the transition boundary of their child and adolescent mental health service. One of the obstacles for a smooth transition to adult mental health services concerns the lack of training for health-care professionals involved in the transition process. This study aims to seek psychiatric trainees’ opinions regarding training on transition and the knowledge and skills required for managing transition.
…Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak oxygen consumption (pVO2), body mass index (BMI) and body composition in preterm‐born individuals.
…Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is considered a developmental vulnerability. Alternatively, SGA may be viewed as a marker for individual susceptibility to environmental experiences. The aim was to test if individuals born SGA are more susceptible to both negative and positive environmental experiences assessed by sensitive parenting in childhood compared with those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).
…Highlights
• Higher maternal early pregnancy BMI is associated with lower diurnal salivary cortisol levels in young adult offspring, especially in the morning.
• Higher maternal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower salivary cortisol levels at awakening in young adult offspring.
• Whether these findings reflect prenatal programming of the offspring HPA-axis activity warrants further investigation
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