Associations between infant and toddler regulatory problems, childhood co‐developing internalising and externalising trajectories, and adolescent depression, psychotic and borderline personality disorder symptoms

Early regulatory problems (RPs) are associated with childhood internalising and externalising symptoms. Internalising and externalising symptoms, in turn, are associated with adolescent psychopathology (e.g. personality disorders, depression). We examined whether RPs are directly associated with adolescent psychopathology, or whether associations are indirect via childhood internalising and externalising symptoms.

Standardisation of the Parent Report of Children’s Abilities–Revised (PARCA-R): a norm-referenced assessment of cognitive and language development at age 2 years

The Parent Report of Children’s Abilities–Revised (PARCA-R) can be used to identify preterm born children at risk for developmental delay at age 24 months. However, standardised scores for assessing all children in the general population and quantifying development relative to the norm are unavailable, thus limiting the use of the questionnaire. We aimed to develop scores that are standardised by age and sex for the PARCA-R to assess children’s cognitive and language development at age 24–27 months.

Editorial: Persistence of infant crying, sleeping and feeding problems: need for prevention

Excessive crying, difficulties in feeding such as food refusal and difficulties with falling asleep or maintaining sleep after 4–6 months of age are labelled infant regulatory problems (RPs). If RPs occur together (having more than one RP), they have been found to be associated with behaviour and emotional problems in childhood and even in adulthood.1